A refrigerator car or “reefer” is a refrigerated boxcar, designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures. Refrigerator cars differ from simple insulated boxcars and ventilated boxcars, neither of which are fitted with cooling apparatus.

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They can be ice-cooled, or use one of a variety of mechanical refrigeration systems, or utilize carbon dioxide as a cooling agent. In the 1860s, slaughtered cattle from the Great Plains were preserved in barrels of salt. Regular box cars were loaded with ice in another effort to preserve fresh meat that had limited success. In 1878, Gustavus Swift hired Andrew Chase to design the first practical ventillated rail box car that was well insulated to permit a special ice compartment at the top to push cold air down and send warm air out. The refrigerator car revolutionized the meat packing industry which enabled a large scale and efficient industry.